Friday, December 11, 2020

Chiastic Structures in the Gospel of John

Chiastic Structure 1: 

The chiastic structure (A-B-C-D-E-F-G-F-E-D-C-B-A) in John 1:1-18 highlights two choices to be made upon knowing the Logos: either reject him (v. 11) or receive him (v. 12). The entire prologue itself seems to be prodcued like a puzzle because the second part (1:12-18) refers back to the first part (1:1-11) and once fitted together they form a complete picture. John 1:12-18 alludes to John 1:1-11 and when they are put side by side,  John 1:1-11 intersects with John 1:12-18: (AA-BB-CC-DD-EE-FF-GG). 
(A John 1:1-2,  A John 1:18)
In the beginning was the Word (explanation of the unseen God)

The Word was with God (in his bosom)
The Word was God (the only begotten God, NASB)

(B John 1:3, B John 1:17) 
Through him all things came into being (through him grace and truth came into being whilst the Law came into being through Moses)

(C John 1:4, C John 1:16)
In him was life and the life was the light of all men (in his fullness, we all received grace on top of grace, overflowing grace)

(D John 1:6-7, D John 1:15) 
The light [which was in the beginning] shines in darkness and darkness cannot overcome it. (God sent a man named John to tell about the light, to testify of him, who existed before him)

(E John 1:8-9, E 1:14)
the Word became flesh and dwelt among us and we saw his light, light as of the uniquely begotten of a father, full of grace and truth (John wasn't the light but was simply a witness to tell about the Light. The True Light , who gives light to everyone, is coming into the world

(F John 1:9, F John 1:13)
The true light cominf into the world the true light lightens eceryone ( born of God)

(G John 1:10-11, G John 1:12 )
He came to the world he creates but the world did not recognise him. He came to his people and they rejected him (to all who receive him. He made them sons)

Chiastic Structure 2: 

I was not able to find a source that showed a chiastic structure in John 1:1-2 but I discovered chiastic structure in it. I noticed that John 1:2 repeated John 1:1b. Then i read John 1:1 again, and noticed that everything is repeated (in the beginning, the Word, with God) except the single ''God'' ascribed to the Word in John 1:1c. I tried to connect them together and found out that it had a chiastic structure (A-B-C-B-A). 

A In the beginning was the Word, 

B and the Word was with God, 

C and the Word was God; 

B He was with God

A in the beginning 

This chiastic structure highlights that Jesus is θεος (God) in the very beginning of John's gospel. This showed that he deemed the Logos as a heavenly being/divine being, and not human being. 

Chiastic Structure 3:

John 1:1 and John 1:18 forms an inclusio:


The Word was God John 1:1c A
Only begotten God John 1:18b B 
 
in the bosom of the Father John 1:18c B
The Word existed with God John 1:1b A

It also forms a chiastic structure (A-B-B-A). 

Chiastic Structure 4: 

A larger chiastic structure (AA-BB-CC-DD) in the entire gospel of John. All of these speak of Jesus ''existing before'' something or someone else:

A: John 1:3

A: John 1:15

B: John 8:44

B: John 8:58

C: John 17:5

C: John 17:24

D: John 20:22

D: John 20:28

Chiastic Structure 5:

 Chiastic Structure in John 1:1, John 1:3 and John 1:18:

A: The Word was God 1:1c 
B: the unique God 1:18b 

C: All things came into being 1:3a
D: through the Word 1:3b 
D: Without the Word 1:3c
C: Not one thing came into being 1:3d

B: in the bosom of the Father 1:18c 
A: The Word existed with God 1:1b 

Analysis of the Chiastic Structure (A-B-C-D-D-C-B-A):

In (A-B-B-A) equated the Logos and only Son as the same person.

The highligted part of the chiasm was the coming into being of all things through the Logos/the only Son (C-D-D-C).

Chiastic Structure 5: 

John 10:33 and John 10:36 forms a chiastic structure (A-B-A-B):

For blasphemy, because you, being a man,

are making yourself God (v. 33)

You say...I blaspheme because

I say I am God's son? (v. 36)

Jesus quoted the first half of Psalm 82:6 in John 10:34 (''you are gods'') but the complete verse also had ''and the sons of the Most High''. Jesus is being contrasted against the sons who are gods in Psalm 82:6. Jesus was not blaspheming when he was claiming to be God and Son of God, because he's just telling the truth! Jesus was God (cf. John 1:1, 20:28) and The Son of God (John 3:16, 20:31).





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